Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia: An Overview

Saudi Arabia, the cradle of Islam, is home to the religion’s two most sacred sites in Mecca and Medina. The ruling monarch holds the esteemed title of “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.” The modern nation-state was established in 1932 by Ibn Saud and has been governed by his male descendants ever since, as stipulated by the country’s 1992 Basic Law.

Political Landscape

Saudi Arabia has been a key player in the Arab world, largely due to its role as a major oil producer and its religious significance. The Al Saud dynasty has monopolized political power, with King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud currently at the helm. His son, Mohammed bin Salman, is the Crown Prince and de-facto ruler. The country lacks democratic institutions and has been criticized for human rights violations.

Economic Outlook

Saudi Arabia is a leading producer of oil and natural gas, holding approximately 17% of the world’s proven oil reserves. The government is working on diversifying the economy through its Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to reduce the country’s dependence on oil.

Social Reforms

Recent years have seen incremental social and economic reforms, including lifting the ban on women driving and opening cinemas for the first time in decades. However, the country still faces criticism for its treatment of women and minority groups.

Regional Influence

Saudi Arabia has a growing rivalry with Iran and has been involved in the Yemen conflict, leading a coalition of countries to restore the legitimate Yemeni government.